The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University

Introduction Higher education has become one of the most valuable commodities in the contemporary world. Higher education plays valuable roles such as being the engine for technological advancement and economic development, a platform for workplace training, as well as repository of the general human knowledge (Losco Fife 73). Achievement of higher education remains as one of the most significant envy of many, yet rising costs of higher education are moving it far beyond the reach of those who need it the most.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is crucial that new ideologies be formed to address the challenges facing higher education institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University that contribute to their rising fees. Funding higher education is characterized by the spending of large amounts of public resources. Despit e the fact that this spending affects the opportunities of many, majority have not had sufficient access to either higher education or the structure that makes decisions regarding higher education. This essay paper seeks to investigate the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. An Overview of Kwantlen Polytechnic University Kwantlen is a modern and dynamic institution of higher learning established in 1981 by the government of British Columbia. Kwantlen Polytechnic University has four main campuses offering over 120 degree, diploma, certificate, as well as citations academic programs. The four campuses are located in the British Columbia’s Vancouver Metro region in Cloverdale, Surrey, Langley and Richmond. The current annual student population of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is approximately 17,500 students. The university polytechnic designs, develops and offers academic programs as well as other applied credentials geared towards meeting both current and fut ure needs of regional, as well as international employment markets. Kwantlen Polytechnic University provides its students with an opportunity to bridge or rather upgrade their certificate, as well as diploma academic credentials into degrees. This is crucial as it enhances academic and professional bridging of both applied and technical academic programs. The main role of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is to serve the British Columbia region through innovation, research and teaching. The university polytechnic is committed to serving the diverse need of the region.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a dynamic and modern institution of higher learning in Canada, Kwantlen Polytechnic University prioritizes the academic and learning needs of its students. This prioritization of students’ academic and learning needs is achieved through focusing on integrating theory, pr actice and critical thinking and insight. Kwantlen Polytechnic University is also committed to providing its students with the necessary understanding and skills to enable them to become aware, engaged, as well as responsible citizens. The programs offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University is also geared towards enabling students pursue fulfilling academic, professional, as well as technical carriers. As a learning or rather teaching, research and innovations institution of higher learning, Kwantlen Polytechnic University emphasizes the need for its programs to promote human capacity in influencing and improving the world. The quest to achieve this entire mandate is one of the most important factors that continue to influence the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University also embedded multiple pathways into the traditional, as well as career programs that it offers its students. The requirements of completing these programs cost a little mo re than the conventional degree programs offered in other institutions of higher learning in the region. This is one of the determinants for the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University offers students degree, diploma, certificate, as well as citation programs in broad areas of science disciplines and traditional liberal arts, technology fields and in trades, as well as other professional and career- based programs. Diploma, certificate and citation programs offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University are specially designed in order to bridge into career and professional degree programs. The university polytechnic offers highly successful, professional and career-oriented programs in qualified studies. This enables Kwantlen Polytechnic University to provide students of varied abilities and talents with access pathways to support and opportunities to enable them achieve their full potential. In order to realize this commitment, Kwantlen Polyt echnic University has to raise its fees which will be felt by the students in catering for the financial requirements of their career and professional programs. In order to meet the needs of non-tradition students’ quest for additional academic, career and professional opportunities, the students must be ready to meet the full costs of such programs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Increasing Fees in Post-Secondary Institutions Background Information Sweet and Anisef (57) posit that higher education has been a shared responsibility of the state through taxes, the students and the parents through their own savings. Higher education is associated with benefits and financial compensation in the long run, hence the need to pursue learning at institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Studies have related higher levels of education to increased earnings and low rates of unemployment, hence justifying the increasing need and personal responsibility for the increasing costs of obtaining higher education (Sweet Anisef 57). Recent policies in Canada regarding students education funding emphasizes the role of individual students in paying for a portion of the higher education. These higher education policies in Canada are geared towards creating consistency in restructuring between the education sector and other public sectors such as public service and health. However, the looser in all these educational restructuring policies is the student from financially disadvantaged background. These groups of students have found it extremely difficult to marshal the necessary financial resources in order to gain entry or rather access to institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Sweet Anisef 57). In 1995 a program dubbed Canadian Health and Social tran sfer (CHST) was introduced by the federal government to facilitate post-secondary school education (Sweet Anisef 58). The program involved federal funding reductions in terms of the transfer of resources to institutions of higher learning, health and social welfare. The response of the provinces such as British Columbia was higher fees and reduced grants to public institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. According to Sweet and Anisef (Sweet Anisef 58), this response shifted the financial responsibility of funding higher education to the students and their families. Between 1998 and 1999, the fees paid by students accounted for above 20% of institutions of higher learning revenues. There is disparity in terms of the fees attributed to students from province to province. For example, in the province of Nova Scotia fees paid by students accounted for 28.5 % of the revenue of universities. The increasing fees of institution of higher learning in Canada between 1993 and 2004 has rose up to 98.9 % with the province of Ontario having the greatest increase of 137.2 % and the province of Quebec having the lowest increase of 20.2 % (Sweet Anisef 58). In the province of British Columbia where Kwantlen Polytechnic University is located, a tuition fee freeze of seven years was instituted up to 2001-2002 academic year. The tuition fee freezing resulted into a 5 % reduction in the cost of funding higher education (Sweet Anisef 58).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, after the elections of the Campbell administration, tuition fees were deregulated and institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University started increasing their fees to the national average up to 2006. The deregulation of tuition fees by the Campbell government was the beginning of the increasing fees of most institution of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University in the province of British Columbia (Sweet Anisef 58). Higher education plays essential roles of providing avenues for students to pursue opportunities in learning, research, innovation and public social service. More than three quarters of students in higher learning institutions are usually enrolled in public institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University in the British Columbia region. This therefore, means that universities, colleges and other institutions of higher learning must always operate in a manner that upholds the quality of programs provi ded to students despite the hard economic times, rising inflation rates, as well as the sky-rocking prices (Kane Orszag 2). Thus, any decline in the quality of academic, career and professional programs offered by institutions of higher learning could result into troubling implications. The funding of public institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University is closely related to the quality of such institutions. Funding restrictions is a critical issue of concern because it substantially influences the quality of public institutions of higher learning (Kane Orszag 2). The level of quality of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University influences, social well-being, income inequality, as well as macro-economic performance of a regions such as British Columbia. The quest for the maintenance of quality of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is a significant reason for the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. An interesting co ncern would be whether smooth and sustainable state funding of institutions of higher learning like Kwantlen Polytechnic University would help with the reduction of fees of such institutions. The expenditure arising from various operational, instructional, researches, academic are some of the most important functions of the Kwantlen Polytechnic University that has led to the increasing fees (Kane Orszag 5). Thus, by smoothing financial assistance for higher education is likely affect the current trend Kwantlen Polytechnic University appropriations as an institution of higher learning. If the state of British Columbia initiates long term horizons and budgets over the medium and long-term, then funding of public institutions will significantly determine the level of appropriations of expenditure in institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. In the long run the chargeable fees at Kwantlen Polytechnic University will significantly normalize (Kane Orszag15). However, since thi s is not the case, the fees levied on students at Kwantlen Polytechnic University continue to increase. The increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University aimed at bridging the gap created by unlimited financial support from the public sector (Kane Orszag 15). The increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University without any offsetting means of aid to lower-income group of students negatively influences the ability of such students to fully meet the financial requirements of their programs. Despite the fact that increasing fees will enable Kwantlen Polytechnic University to operate effectively and provide qualified learning, research, innovation and public social service, the increase have a disproportionate impact on students from low income backgrounds. The increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University has been attributed to the rising costs of learning materials, institutional operation, the remuneration of instructors and other staff, inflationary pressures among other simple economic factors (Kane Orszag 15). Since funding offered by the provincial treasury does not adequately cater for the needs of Kwantlen Polytechnic University amidst the above simple economic consideration, this financial burden is passed onto the students by increasing fees. Educational Programs and the Mandate of Kwantlen Polytechnic University The university polytechnic seeks to offer curriculum programs and services that are essential in preparing their students to be global-oriented citizens. Doing so would mean Kwantlen Polytechnic University spends more on designing and developing educational, career and professional programs that mould students to become global citizens. This will eventually be reflected in the students fee, hence the rise of fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University continues to emphasize its role as a significant centre for cultural, educational, learning, innovation and recreational for communities in British Columbi a region. In order to mould its students into being global citizens, Kwantlen Polytechnic University recognizes the critical role that indigenous, international and cross-cultural perspectives play in its curriculum programs. Thus, Kwantlen Polytechnic University seeks to emphasize its position as an attractive and favourable alternative option for consideration by international students seeking qualified educational, career as well as professional opportunities. The rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University can also be attributed to the fact that Kwantlen Polytechnic University, as an institution of higher learning recognizes the importance of diversity, as well as freedom of expression and belief. Kwantlen Polytechnic University thus, is committed to providing its diverse student population with a secure and supportive environment for learning and individual fulfillment. Kwantlen Polytechnic University was first established as a community college, and then upgraded to a unive rsity college, and now the institution is Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University is the only public post†secondary institution of higher learning in the south Fraser area west of Abbotsford. One of the critical goals of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is to offer their students a variety of postsecondary education educational, professional and technical programs to choose from. In addition to degrees, diplomas, certificate and citation programs, Kwantlen Polytechnic University offer an extensive trades training program at our Cloverdale campus. Kwantlen Polytechnic University Cloverdale campus works closely with both local and provincial employers in order to generate placements to students who graduate at Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Murray 1). Other programs offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University include an Adult Special Education program for adults and the elderly. English as a Second Language is another important program offered by Kwantle n Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University program on Adult Basic Education, as well as the program on Developmental Education are designed and developed to provide Kwantlen Polytechnic University students with the opportunity to complete their high school education and upgrade their skills. They are aimed at enabling students attain the necessary essential pre†requisites to pursue undergraduate programs, as well as to improve their educational, career and professional options (Murray 1). The nature and the requirements of these comprehensive programs means that their cost have to be slightly higher on the sides of the students, hence the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen is a derived word that means â€Å"tireless runner†. This represents Kwantlen Polytechnic University emphasis on quality and excellence. As such, Kwantlen Polytechnic University in tireless quest for learning, research and innovation emphasizes the significance of upholding the values of the first Kwantlen First Nation. Learning, wisdom, distinctiveness and dignity of the culture of Kwantlen First Nation are embedded in the institution’s belief that all forms of culture around the globe in general and the British Columbia region in particular enrich each other. This belief provides all students with the opportunity for cross-cultural understanding, interaction, as well as fulfillment. Therefore, Kwantlen Polytechnic University students find it easy to fit into the global employment and professional market after their graduation at the institution. For e institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University to sustainably achieve their objectives of providing students with quality programs, they must have access to huge amounts of funding. As such, operating grants coming from the province are crucial sources of funding for institutions of learning in the British Columbia region. These operating grants are the largest single form of investment that the provincial authority makes in the institutions of higher learning in the region. However, these operating grants by the provincial authorities have not been adequate considering either the current basic inflation rates or the rapid increase in the number of students being admitted at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. As a result, student operating grants with regard to the province real grant have declined by over 8 percent since the year 2001 (Murray 2). To cater for or rather make up for the decline, institutions like Kwantlen Polytechnic University are left with raising the fees as the only other available option. This means that institutions of higher learning or rather, post secondary school learning institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University have to do a lot with very little. While institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University are mandated to provide students with the courses and services they need to be suc cessful, Kwantlen Polytechnic University struggles with tighter and tighter financial budgets. This is a solid reason for the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. In all these, the casualty remains to be the students (Murray 2). Financial constraints in institutions of higher learning make it more and more difficult for the students to get into courses or to receive services that are essential for their programs. For instance, students have to deal with the growing waiting lists for program offerings that are critical for them to complete their incitation, certificate, diploma or degree programs (Murray 2). Thus, Kwantlen Polytechnic University has to raise its fees to be able to provide adequately for the students program needs. Affordability is a notable challenge that has led to the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Fees especially tuition fees for an undergraduate degree programs have risen by more than double within the last 10 years (Murray 2). The ris ing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University may not have dented the levels of enrolment at the institution, but it has impacted negatively on the operations of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Students now left with no other option than to take on much higher financial debt than was the case with their counterparts who studied at Kwantlen Polytechnic University ten years ago. Canadian Federation of Students, has expressed concerns over the $27,000 debt that an average student is forced to graduate with (Murray 2). Students are forced to take much longer time periods to complete their incitation, certificate, diploma or degree programs. This is because the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University mean with greater debt, hence the pressure and need to work part†time to be able to cater for the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Murray 2). The affordability crunch with relation to the institution’s cost of operation, remuneration package of instructors a nd other employees and the rising cost of learning materials and equipments are simple economic factors that have also contributed to the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. These simple economic factors have distorted how much tuition fee revenue determines the overall revenue picture at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. In 2001 for instance, tuition fee revenues at Kwantlen Polytechnic University amounted to slightly above $ 11 million (Murray 2). This $ 11 million translated into approximately 13% of Kwantlen Polytechnic University total revenue. By 2011, tuition fee revenue has risen from $ 11 million in 2001 to approximately above $ 44 million (Murray 2). This is simply a fourfold tuition fees increase at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. This figure of tuition fees, account for approximately above 30% of total Kwantlen Polytechnic University revenues (Murray, 2). The rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University over a relatively short period of time, begs a number of questions. Questions revolving around intergenerational disparities arise. People start asking questions, such as why the current generations of Kwantlen Polytechnic University students are paying much higher fees for their education than was the case with their counterparts in earlier generations. In a normal circumstance, inter†generational equity has to find a balance at some point. Making students to pay a third of their education costs today, when previous students paid only half that number strikes simple logic a situation profoundly out of balance (Murray 2). According to Kwantlen Faculty Association (KFA), internationalization of education at Kwantlen Polytechnic University is another contributing factor to the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Murray 3). Kwantlen Polytechnic University, many universities and colleges in the British Columbia region, recognizes the value of internationalizing their educational programs. The institution has a long and di stinguished history of opening doors of learning, career and professional opportunities to both international students and staff. Internationalization of education programs at Kwantlen Polytechnic University is not only crucial for the students, who are in a position to access a quality education within British Columbia, but also crucial for Kwantlen Polytechnic University as an institution and the university’s domestic students (Murray 3). The domestic students for example, will be able to engage in the diversity that results from having international and multi-cultural students within Kwantlen Polytechnic University classrooms. This is an important dimension of the institution’s curriculum and programs in preparing its graduate students for a world employment, career and professional opportunities driven by the forces of globalization (Murray 3). Why the Increasing Fees of Institutions of Higher Learning Such As Kwantlen Polytechnic University Diminishing government funding of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University, is a major contributing factor in the increasing fees of such institutions in Canada. The provincial administration of British Columbia has not adequately funded institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University prompting Kwantlen to seek funding from other sources among them increasing tuition fees paid by their students, seeking funding from the private sector, as well as other non-academic fees (Clarke Dopp 12). This puts a lot of pressure on students especially on those from financially disadvantaged backgrounds thereby further complicating the prospects for attaining higher education. The trouble for the Canadian students started way back in 2003, when the liberal government came to power and cut off federal transfers to post-secondary institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. The provinces on the other hand, denounced the moves but have not done enough to address the issue of in creasing tuition fees (Clarke Dopp 12). Therefore, Kwantlen Polytechnic University increases its fees due to financial deficit that it experiences due to diminishing funding from both the federal and the provincial administrations. A significant source of the rising fees of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University, results from their current financial expenditures and transfers. Expenditures incurred by institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University for purposes of their operation include those incurred in acquiring capital assets like library books, laboratory equipments to mention but a few (Losco Fife 74). Other expenditures that necessitate budgeting and transfers by institutions of higher learning include academic support, research, institutional support, student services, scholarships and fellowships, hospitals, public service, auxiliary services, maintenance of physical facilities, as well as independent operations of institutions of hig her learning. Auxiliary expenditures are also incurred by institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University to facilitate institutional operations. Independent expenditures are incurred on operations not related to the primary objectives of the institution. Primary roles of Kwantlen Polytechnic University include learning, research and innovation (Losco Fife 74). Instructions are other sources of the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Instructions consist of expenditure by institutions of higher learning within their various departments, schools, faculties, as well as other instructional divisions within an institution of higher learning (Losco Fife 75). Instructional expenditures also include costs incurred by departmental public service and research which are usually budgeted for separately by institutions of higher learning. Instructional expenditures also arise from activities such as those that include general academic instruction, vocational and occupatio nal instructions. Other programs that are involved in these expenditures are community education, special session instructions, basic adult education, preparatory and remedial instructions (Priest John 116). Finances for these spending are generated from the fees paid by students, hence the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Research is another source of the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. As an institution of higher learning research is one of the primary functions of the institution besides, learning and innovation. The expenditure of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University includes activities geared towards producing research outcomes. These activities can be commissioned by an agency either internal or external to an institution (Losco Fife 75). At some point in the course of learning, students are also required to carry out their own research as part of partial requirement for the fulfillment of their academ ic programs. All these requirement need to be funded from some source, of which students fees is a source. The need for institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University to achieve their mandate of carrying out activities that produce research outcomes prompts them to increase fees charged on students. Kwantlen Polytechnic University must support public service, academic activities, student services and the institution itself in order to operate effectively. In so doing, funds are budgeted for and set aside to finance these functions. Kwantlen Polytechnic University offers public service as part of their corporate social responsibility to the British Columbia community and public. Some of these services include free seminars and community trainings, expenditures incurred for the benefit of the general public, as well as cooperative extension services (Losco Fife, 75). Academic services supported by Kwantlen Polytechnic University include those that are integra l part of the primary role of learning, research and innovation. These services or activities are usually embedded in the incitation, certificate, diploma and degree programs that are offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. They must be funded to be successful, hence the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Losco Fife 75). Students’ services that must be financed include admissions services and registration activities. Others include those that contribute to the physical and emotional wellbeing, social, cultural and intellectual development of the students (Losco Fife 75). Lastly, institutional support involves day-to-day operation of the institution of higher learning. Institutional operations include administrative functions, planning, and public relations, fiscal and legal services among others. These service need to be funded for Kwantlen Polytechnic University to operate effectively (Losco Fife 75). Due to increased rate of inflation and the cost of producing various services, the funding of these essential services are passed onto the students through increasing the fees they are charged for various educational programs. Other institutional functions that contribute to the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University include the operation and maintenance of physical plants, scholarships and fellowships in the form of grants-in-aid, prizes, pell grants, fee waivers and students’ stipends (Losco Fife 75). Other functions include both mandatory such as those which are legally binding and non-mandatory transfers made at the discretion of the governing board of the institution, auxiliary enterprises, hospitals and lastly independent operations. All this operations at Kwantlen Polytechnic University must be adequately funding in order for the institution of higher learning to achieve its primary objectives of learning, research, innovation and public services (Priest John 116). This is another reason for the increasi ng fee of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Conclusions Despite the reasons for the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University, the fact is this action diminishes access to higher education. The most disadvantaged groups are the students from financially handicapped backgrounds. Thus the increasing fee in most institutions of higher learning limits these students from disadvantaged families (Forest and Kinser 12). However, institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University have to operate in order achieve their primary roles of learning, research, innovation and public social service. With diminishing financial grants from the provincial government, Kwantlen Polytechnic University is left with limited option to seek funding. Such sources then include increased tuition fees in addition to the private sector sources and other non-academic fees sources. Increasing tuition fees places severe constraints on students pursuing higher education thereby further co mplicating accessibility in higher education. Works Cited Clarke, Tony, Dopp Sarah. Challenging McWorld: Think, Talk, and Act. Montreal: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2005. Print. Forest, James, and Kinser Kevin. Higher Education in the United States: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2002. Print. Kane, Thomas, Orszag Peter. Funding Restrictions at Public Universities: Effects and Policy Implications. Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 2003. Print. Losco, Joseph, Fife Brian. Higher Education in Transition: The Challenges of the New Millennium. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. Print. Murray, Joel. â€Å"Address by Kwantlen Faculty Association (KFA) on October 6, 2011.† Web. Priest, Douglas, John Edward. Privatization and Public Universities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. Print. Sweet, Robert, Anisef Paul. Preparing For Post-Secondary Education: New Roles for Governments and Families. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Universit y Press, 2005. Print. â€Å"About Kwantlen.† kwantlen.bc.ca. Kwantlen Polytechnic University, n.d. Web. This report on The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University was written and submitted by user Nathan Coleman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Making love Essays

Making love Essays Making love Essay Making love Essay Is it possible to justify mass culture a growing phenomenon of human needs? Is the world of appearances rather than substitutes and release of alienation, becomes a new source of alienation?  Everyday life can therefore be considered as a kind of gigantic and constantly growing archive of gestures induced to buy, all kinds of  Mass culture grows out of human needs. Many people treat it as a facilitator from reality, a way of spending free time. Certain standards and trends are for this type of people mainstay of everyday life, give them a sense of security and self-realization. Popular culture can be a bond connecting people with similar interests, beliefs or way of life. On the other hand, mass culture makes many people own views replaces ready diagrams drawn from newspapers, radio and the Internet. It is no wonder that it is a source of alienation for those who do not want to give up its dictates.  People find themselves in the products of mass culture, such as creativity goes to a mass audience. The recipient feel connected with other people they can share experiences, curiosities or just talk to them. The products of mass culture are widely available. Media promote them, because they know that it is an easy way to make money. Besides, mass culture is assumed to be primarily geared for sale and profit. If pop culture is not the result of human needs, how to explain interest in her? The greatest desire of man is not to be alone, and mass culture can provide it to him.  However, every stick has two ends and mass culture can also be a cause of alienation. If someone listens to pop music, go to the cinema on a purely commercial films and raves alternative art can meet with rejection. Such a person may be considered to be worse, because it is not wise enough to form an alternative taste.  Popular culture can be a cause of alienation. But you cannot treat it as something worse, because it grows out of human needs. It is the simplest form of entertainment, which everyone at some time desire. Making love with food:  So far the purchases were associated with screw capitalism consumption. However, it turns out that shopping is also a way of showing love.  Anthropologist Daniel Miller has found love in the supermarket. His discovery refers to a special kind of shopping food supply. So those everyday household primarily habits. For a year they shopped and talked with residents of one street in London. One of his conclusions was that choosing the right products are showing your household love and care. Women said, for example: My husband eats badly, he likes bacon, and I buy him something healthier. Therefore, I love him and I do not want him to put on weight’’. Shopping, do not make fun. You have to do it every day. No matter what strategy to take once again you will need to go get milk and bread to the store. Because it is such a mundane commercials often appear magical worlds and that potatoes pop out of uniforms and a dog, a cat and a hamster comment purchases their state. And if our world does not look like you guys are annoying and the women gathered up? Exactly so. He is, smart, has a tummy, and she knows whats going on and how to make the world a better place. Women do daily mini-consumer research. They ask if it tastes. Hit something on the promotion and considering whether to throw it into daily eating habits, whether grab or not. Women described by Miller are very clever, analyse the market, know the promotions and purchasing strategies. We have a simple life. However, when we buy for other stress is twofold. We worry, whether it will be healthy and testy .Men quite often defend the fact that they hate shopping .Yeah, but look at the mans car buyer. This is just amok, this process may take years. This is such a hunt, moreover, every now and then we hear about his Mercedes , hunt promotion.  Miller also introduces a very interesting concept of rarity a pleasures of something extra. Rarity is a reward for the effort of shopping. This could be a candy bar, ice cream, favourite tea. Women at Miller say they cannot send her husband to the store, because he brings the same antiquity, its purchases are not rational. In England, women did not let their husbands to do shopping because they spend too much. 60 % may make purchases only in the company of women, and two thirds of women totally took over the home shopping.  This would fit with the Miller research. He also pointed to a particular type of joint purchases which are shopping courting. The first joint shopping is a huge field of negotiations. This is my favourite milk, and this is my coffee, I eat only bitter chocolate. By learning to recognize the other person not only her past, her sensitive places on the body, but you also get to know her consumer habits. If you want to live in harmony. Otherwise delightful breakfast will turn into a nightmare, because instead of butter you will spread the sandwich with the margarine. We are people who build their identity by product brands, because it is the way that Western civilization is constructed. Chandlers not only keeps the body alive, but also serves to build social relationships. Particularly interesting is the relationship between mother and child. Miller says that the child takes the place of a partner, who was the subject of devotion and care. Never until now in civilization, was the child not so important. Mothers are puzzled how to select the menu, what clothes to buy, what toys to choose. Many mothers do their shopping especially for their children. One of the ideal models for human consumption is embedded in the concept of naturalness. In other words, the child knows what’s best for him, what and when to eat, when he/she want to sleep. Our role is not to disturb him/her. This means that we give up our dreams, habits or even work. According to Miller, at the beginning it was important deity. Then, under the influence of secularization the place of deity took man, whom in turn dethroned feminism. However, more interestingly, the scheme has not been interrupted. Dedication and attention to women transferred to a child who has become the new deity. Conclusion: The everyday life has infinitive variety: it is suggestive and vague, it can be distancing or jolly. Everyday life could happen by chance or it might be acquainted and routinized. Your life can be grey or merry and pleasant. Its up to you what life you want to lead. It does depends on you what sort of life you want to lead, because everyone is different surrounded by diverse people and environment thus have dissimilar experiences. However, we all breathe the same air and we all have a need for eat and sleep. We might have conflicting views and different visions on life because each of us is an individual unit. References: Rita Felski (1999) ‘’The invention of everyday life’’NO.39,pp15-31 available via SyD and the web. Henri Lefebvre (2005)[1971] Everyday life in the Modern World,Transl. Sacha Rabinovitch, New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Publisher, extract from Philip Wander (2005) ‘’Introduction’’,pp.vii-x and pp.xiv-xvi [full intro pp.vii-xxiii] and Lefebvre p.187-8 Michael Bull (1999) ‘’The dialectics of walking: Walkman use and the reconstruction of the site of experience’’ in Jeff Hearn and Sasha Roseneil 9eds) Consuming Cultures: Power and Resistance, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Macmillan, extract, pp.205-206 [full article pp.199-220]

Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Curriculum - Essay Example Raising economic equalities and decreasing discrimination due to gender, race or creed, and the receding of conventionality in most of the societies worldwide, have encouraged the recent generations of children to seek not only lower education, but also higher and University education. Education has become a multi-facetted unending journey today without any limits or boundaries. Recently, there had been a vigorous change in the society, and the recent trend of globalisation with the booming media has increased these opportunities. Changed political perspectives, changes in the society, technological changes, shrinking of the world into a global village, desire to know more about the world, its arts and sciences have led even older people into the portals of learning with great results. The content of education has always been a matter of interest to thinkers. "Over 2000 years ago Plato was interested in what the leaders of an ideal state should be taught, and many philosophers and st atesmen since have pondered the educational problems of society," (Taylor, 1985, p.2). Aims and objectives of the curriculum are the beliefs that they would serve the purpose of active education by planning for it much in advance, before the real education starts. It motivates students and gives a clear picture about what they are going to learn, so that they can plan their studies fully. It also provides a target to be completed for the teachers. It is the plan for the entire year and it is the list of skills the student is going to attain at the end of the studies. Curriculum is bound with the very concept of education. Curricula are anyway artificial as they are man made and could be changed any time, though some teachers feel a great awe towards it. They serve a variety of purposes, like making the children aware of the world in which they live, and about the social changes, sciences, political revolutions and economic transformations and space travels etc. The young are systematically introduced to various branches of knowledge through the curriculum, because the y embody the beliefs about education. There are multiplicities of conceptions that keep shaping the education over the years and still continue to do so. It is an ongoing process, as the discoveries and knowledge continues to grow, curriculum keeps changing. "Concepts of learning also change over time; not only the validity of content, the demise of a subject area, the development of a new one, not only in terms of the rapidity with which content may expand or alter in certain disciplines, but in terms of what we know of learning as a process," (Skilbeck, 1984, p.18). Curriculum provides accountability and a way of comparing one with other curriculum. It also creates coherence to the subjects that are going to be taught, along with a systematic nature for the jumbled teaching. At higher classes, students can get more knowledge by studying in advance the rest of the curriculum, having known its contents. Its presence brings the education into a definite bracket so that all concerned are comfortably aware of its contents, examinations etc.

Documentary for CNN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Documentary for CNN - Assignment Example Its supporters fight back with the notion that stem cell research can have an extremely positive effect on future medical treatments, as embryonic stem cells can grow into anybody's cell and thus be used to treat diseases like muscular dystrophy, in which the patient experiences a gradual and eventually fatal loss of muscular tissues. As the scientific community is gradually pursuing research activities towards stem cell researches, the voices of opposition are also becoming stronger. Differing positions being taken by politicians and governments also widens the differences. Therefore, it provides a perfect base for producing a relevant documentary. The format of documentary will be somewhat like the steps being explained below; Step-2: An interview would be undertaken with Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till, the first scientists involved in this research. This will help in demonstrating the benefits of stem cell activities and how we human beings can benefit from such researches. Step-4: Political parties and respective governments have a deciding role towards encouraging or discouraging the stem cell research activities.

Management Style in Gate Gourmet Research Paper

Management Style in Gate Gourmet - Research Paper Example This number came to 45 and questionnaires were distributed to 45 employees of GG while they were coming out after completing their shifts. This was considered necessary to achieve the objectives of the study outlined above. The first question related to the overall working conditions prevailing in GG since the settlement of the dispute in 2005. Out of the 23 male employees surveyed 8 of them agreed that the working conditions are satisfying. While 10 of them took a neutral stand 5 of the employees mostly disagreed with the statement that the conditions are satisfactory. A graphical representation of the replies is appended below: The same question was answered by 22 female employees. Of he female employees surveyed 2 of them were appeared to be satisfied with the working conditions at GG. 12 of them took a neutral stand whereas 8 of them mostly disagreed with the statement. For the satisfaction about the overall working conditions, out of the total sample of 45 employees, none of them agreed that they were satisfied with the working conditions. Out of the balance, 10 of them mostly agreed and 22 of the employees neither agreed nor disagreed that the working conditions were satisfactory. While 10 of them mostly disagreed 3 of them totally were not satisfied with the prevailing working conditions. The graphical representation is as below: Here the employ... For the satisfaction about the overall working conditions, out of the total sample of 45 employees, none of them agreed that they were satisfied with the working conditions. Out of the balance, 10 of them mostly agreed and 22 of the employees neither agreed nor disagreed that the working conditions were satisfactory. While 10 of them mostly disagreed 3 of them totally were not satisfied with the prevailing working conditions. The graphical representation is as below: Question 2: Organisational Value: Here the employees were asked to comment whether working with GG makes them feel that they are valued and respected. For this question, out of the sample of 45 people, none of them agreed that there is any value; 5 of the employees mostly agreed; 19 of them took a neutral approach; 19 of them mostly disagreed and 2 of them totally disagreed that they had any value or respect. The pictorial representation: Question 3: Prospects for Employee Growth: Under this question the selected employees were asked to present whether in their opinion there was any opportunity for the employees to apply for getting appointed to senior positions in GG. The answer was 'YES' by none, mostly agreed by 5, neither agree nor disagree by 24, mostly disagree by 15 and totally 'NO' by 1 employee. The graph is as shown below: Question 4: Existence of Downward Communication: The employees were asked to answer the question that whether there was any downward communication between managers and the staff in the form of regular meetings. None of the employees replied affirmatively. While 3 of them mostly agreed that there were meetings, 22 of them remained non-committal. 10 of the employees mostly disagreed to the opinion that

Forms Of Communication Within The Workplace English Language Essay

Forms Of Communication Within The Workplace English Language Essay Introduction People who are in work tend to focus on the success of the exchange . They show compassion, awareness and concern for others, they use good listening skills, is their own concern and need to know. These people are open and approachable, the support of others. Communication is any behavior, verbal or nonverbal, perceived by another. Knowledge, feelings or thoughts to encode and send and receive at least one person, by at least one other decoder. This message means that the receiver to the interpretation of the message. Communication between the people to establish a connection. Let us understand ourselves and communicate with the world around us, to share experiences with others, to persuade and influence others, to relax and enjoy. Forms of communication Each channel of communication are requires skills to the form of communication and that is used to send the message. The communication is classified into the three forms . Three forms are verbal communication either spoken or written , nonverbal and graphic . The communication skills is in the spoken , written , nonverbal and graphic communication are all important in the workplace . These forms of communication send messages through various channels. Verbal communication can take the forms of spoken words between two or more than one person , or written words in written communication . Nonverbal communication is send by any means other than words or graphics . Nonverbal communication occur in oral , write and graphic communication , and in oral communication these include facial expression , body movement , posture and dress . Format and layout are written and graphical components of nonverbal communication. Graphic communication represents ideas , relationship or connections visual ly with shapes , diagrams and lines . The graphic communication can have both of verbal and nonverbal components for example some of the no smoking signs displayed in the public places . The public place like restaurant , shopping mall and so on . The ability to communicate is learn by gaining skills from others and from experience . As the experience widens ,.new learning take place . The style of communication individuals and organisations develops through using and adapting new techniques. Anyone who will believes they can control the communication process is unaware that the communication is an intricate , interactive process . An interactions of several elements affect the people communicating . You can do a great deal to influence the communication process but you cannot control someone elses perception , outlook , values and attitudes. The each of these affects way communication will received . The communication process The process of the communication is the dynamic and the interactive . The process like someone sends or receives and in the between these is a message . The information flows ,people place meaning and the structure on the variety of the messages received from another . And the process of communication takes place in various situations for different reasons with the potential for many interpretations . It have seven main elements in the process of the communication . The seven main elements of the communication process are sender , message , receiver , feedback , channel , context or setting and interference or noise . There are many models of the communication process . The diagrams presented in the chapter are representations of how communication works . And it should be stressed that they cannot be a complete guide or they take the most significant elements of the process communication and place these in a useful sequence . The communication occurs , the sender and the receiver int eract by sending (encoding)and receiving(decoding)messages. The sender The sender are individuals who react to the situations from unique vantage point and interpreting ideas and filtering experiences through their own perception. The unique to the individual senders and integral to all the communication they engage in , it is a background of accumulated attitudes ,experiences , skills , cultural conditioning and individual differences that influences how they communicate . And the sender encodes some idea or the feeling in the words or the signs that the receiver will recognize and transmits this message to the receiver . ( MESSAGE ) SENDER RECEIVER Self-concept Self-concept Family Family Culture Culture Skills Skills Feelings Feelings Attitudes Attitudes Valuesà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Values ( FEEDBACK ) Message The messages is the idea to feeling transmitted from the sender to the receiver to achieve understanding each another . The message is make a connection between to sender and the receiver . The receiver The receiver decodes or the interprets the message to achieve understanding . The receiver is acting as an individual from the unique vantage point , interpreting the idea according to the particular personal perception of the messages . The perception is the result of the receivers unique background of the experience , belief , concerns and other factors . Perception is a significant influence on communication and it is useful to look closely at it . It is a way people understanding or give a meaning to their environment . The perception and interpretation of the same message various according to how each individuals perception is influence by the experience , attitudes , and belief and a range of the acquired skills or the expectations . The example is one person will perceive the colour blue as cool , peaceful and comfortable while other person may see the blue clour like old fashion or formal . That meaning is influence by past experience . Even the context or the setting of the communication affects if the perception . It can be compare with a pair of spectacles , through which the process all the signals received from others . The glasses place a particular focus on what we see , understand , hear and influence way we react to the message .Particular colour and focus of the message are affected by the pair of glasses worn . Expectation self-concept experience Feelings perception attitudes and Value Family culture communication skillà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ Feedback These is a constant feeling back of the information as people interact . Like encouraging the speaker to continue , listeners respond in the way that to show their comprehension and the acceptance or non-acceptance of the message. It is an important part of the successful interpersonal communication and the receivers response to the senders message , and can be intentional or unintentional . Feedback is gives the communication continuity , indicates understanding or misunderstanding of the message and the stimulates further communication or discussion . Both of sender and receiver need to feedback . Feedback can help or hinder your communication and climax you created . At workplace most people communicate are face to face with their leader or the manager or the supervisors , so the ability is to provide appropriate feedback can be assit the development of good working relationship and the productivity of the business . Communication channel It mean the technique use to signal or convey a message . The example like a conversation , television program , radio or telephone call . The information technology provides a fast channel of the communication that is become more wisely available and easier to use than in the past and it also used to store , send , receive and present information . All the organization have internal channel of communication and the external channels . Channel tv , telephone speaking , pc writing Sender receiver Self-concept message Self-concept Family Family Culture interference Culture Skills Skills Feelings Feelings Attitudes feedback Attitudes Value Value Context environment , status , time Context It is consists of the situation , circumstances or the setting within which communication take place . The context is playing an important part in how the message is encoded and decode . Same message can have a complete different meaning depend on the situation , since the emotions and reactions to the ideas and events vary in different situations. The example communication at a conference , in the lunchroom , formal meeting or in the office is take place in different settings . It may use different language , authority and relationship to achieve the different communication purpose in each of the situation . Interference or noise The message received is not necessarily the same as the message sent . Another than the intended message is received because noise , or the interference , interrupts the intended message . Send a message by electronic mail to a person who is afraid of the technology and unable to access to the computer screen and communication barrier will occur because the channel is inappropriate in the case . Write a memo or business letter to a person and the message is not easily to be understand and accept . Conclusion If either one of the communication process is fail , the whole process of communication will not be successful . INTRODUCTION As the Product Manager of soon-to-be-launched product  ¼Ã…’I will choose the Lexus CT 200h to be my product . Why I choose this Lexus CT 200h as my product because Lexus CT 200h is currently one of the best in its class. With advanced stability alongside a quiet operation and seamless acceleration, the CT provides a smoothness that reflects the superior control of the Lexus Hybrid Drive. And you can drive in comfortable . It front and rear shock absorbers to provide additional performance improvements. They absorb the vibrations generated in the process, while increasing the drive for an immersive driving chassis rigidity . It Is a full hybrid engine, the 1.8-liter VVT-i petrol engine and electric motor, in a combined output of 134 horsepower and 33 km / liter fuel consumption to ensure a smooth ride the results of an environmental protection. The second reason this Lexus CT 200h is safety because it is equipped with an advanced bodyshell, enhanced with compact front suspension (MacPherson Strut) and double wishbone rear suspension. Various stiffening and bracing are strategically placed to strengthen the overall chassis. This provides the dynamic, yet smooth, agile performance of the CT 200h. The Intelligent Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) system, challenging corners to make room for more security. Early detection of wheel slip through the turn, and to help adjust to control the engine power and applying appropriate power to each wheel brake it, and can prevent potential accidents from occurring. Even in adverse road conditions, you can always control your Lexus CT self-confidence. Traction Control (TRC) of track slip systems to ensure tire always maintain maximum traction, so you can easily boot in mud or slippery roads, and Truth and Reconciliation Commission to keep at bay potential dangers. The third reason is the for the big family because this CT 200h can sit until seven or eight person in the car . Why I say that because it is really for the big family . When you and your wife and son or daughter want to go out for picnic ,you no need to sat dense . ANSWER There will be no gasoline only versions of the car, which will only use gasoline-electric system, mated to provide a 1.8 liter four-cylinder engine a strong electric motor and nickel-metal hydride battery pack. Power split continuously variable transmission to the front wheels. Part of the electricity and natural gas output and the output of individual composite system is still unknown, but the presence of its 1.8-liter, we were a bit worried. This is the fourth in the Prius, which makes 98 horsepower and contribute to the overall system output of 134 horsepower size of the cylinder. The CT200h colt will have to produce more than to provide the promised dynamic driving experience, and the challenge of providing reliable, CT of the competition, including the Audi A3 and BMW 1 Series. Therefore, what we want at least 187 horsepower in the vicinity of the North American HS250h stirred cars, one of the 147-horsepower, 2.4-liter engine is 105 kW (141 horsepower) electric motor to mate. There are four drivers in the CT200h driving mode selection to choose from: normal, ecology, electric vehicles, and sports. In normal mode, the car can use the battery-specific power up to 28 miles an hour, while the electric car mode to force car battery power is only 1.2 miles t o rely on an extension. Switch to eco-cars throttle response and optimized passive climate control system to save more fuel, and exercise patterns to tighten the steering wheel, throttle aggressive UPS, and reduce the threshold of stability control . They have many ways to promote my product . They are website , e-mail , newspaper , ratio , television program , flyer and so on . If I use the website and the e-mail to promote my product LEXUS CT 200h , the messages will send to the customers and they will know that about this car model LEXUS CT200h .Besides that any customer is interest about this car LEXUS CT 200h , you can order from website or you want to know the information about this car LEXUS CT 200h also can search our website . If I use the newspaper to promote my product , it can help to attract to customer . The newspaper also can let the customer know about the information and know where are the location are sales this car . The customers also can cut the map and find the location immediately . If I use the ratio to promote my product , it can help me to promote the product to the customer know it . If the customer is interested , he or she will listen carefully about the information the car LEXUS CT 200h . If I use th e television program to promote the LEXUS CT 200h , they will watch the television program when the television program are advertise . The last once is use the flyer to promote the product LEXUS CT 200h , the customers will immediately to see the information about the car and call the hotline to know the information clearly . But I will choose the flyer to promote my product LEXUS CT 200h . Why I choose the flyer to promote my product because the flyer is very cheap and the customer will immediately see the flyer what is it want to convey to him or her . The flyer is a cost-effective way to get your message to the masses and basically a full-page ads, you release your potential customers directly. Flyer printing is a small advertising budget to get off the ground with a good choice for new business, it is a company founded for those who want to directly communicate with potential customers a good choice. Full color flyers are particularly effective because they catch peoples eyes, to attract people to your message. The purpose is to sell a flyer. Remember, your message needs to have a purpose, that is not just your name released to the public. You need to make sure you communicate your product or service in the public interest, not just facts about your company. People want to know you or your product can do for them. The flyer can bring a lot of advantage to my product because it will attract a lot of the customers come here to order my product. The advantage is it can make majority customers come here to see the car LEXUS CT 200h . The flyer make the sale rate getting high and it makes our product name becoming famous . The customers are believe our car LEXUS CT 200h quality is greater once .

Pearl as a Symbol in The Scarlet Letter :: Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter

Pearl as a Symbol in The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, is a symbol of sin and adultery in the sense that she leads Dimmsdale and Hester to their confession and the acceptance of their sins. A beauitful daughter of the towns adulturist has somtimes demon like traits. She is also the only living symblol of the scarlet letter "A". In another way Pearl also makes a connection between Dimmsdale and Hester. Initially Pearl is the symbol of Hesters public punishment for her adultery. As the novel progresses and Pearl matures she symbolizes the deteriation of Hester's like by constantly asking her about the scarlet letter "A". Pearl in a sense wants her mother to live up to her sin and, she achieves this by constantly asking her about the scarlet letter. Another peice of evidence that shows how Pearl symbolizes the sin Hester has committed, is when the town government wants to take Pearl away from her Revrend Dimmsdale convinces the government that Pearl is a living reminder of her sin. This is essentialy true, Hester without Pearl is like having Hester without sin. Pearl is not only a symbol of Hester but also a symbol to Dimmsdale. Pearl will not let him into her life until he accepts his sin. She wants him as a father but will not let him until he will not hide his sin in public. Pearl knows that Dimmsdale will not be seen holding her hand in the public eye and this bothers her. She asks her mother, " wilt tho promise to hold my and thy mothers hand to-morrow?"(105) As we reach the finally of the story Dimmsdale confesses his sin and he has a sense of happness and self peace almost immedietly. Pearl has longed for his public love and affection and in the closing scenes she receives it. Pearl as a Symbol in The Scarlet Letter :: Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter Pearl as a Symbol in The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, is a symbol of sin and adultery in the sense that she leads Dimmsdale and Hester to their confession and the acceptance of their sins. A beauitful daughter of the towns adulturist has somtimes demon like traits. She is also the only living symblol of the scarlet letter "A". In another way Pearl also makes a connection between Dimmsdale and Hester. Initially Pearl is the symbol of Hesters public punishment for her adultery. As the novel progresses and Pearl matures she symbolizes the deteriation of Hester's like by constantly asking her about the scarlet letter "A". Pearl in a sense wants her mother to live up to her sin and, she achieves this by constantly asking her about the scarlet letter. Another peice of evidence that shows how Pearl symbolizes the sin Hester has committed, is when the town government wants to take Pearl away from her Revrend Dimmsdale convinces the government that Pearl is a living reminder of her sin. This is essentialy true, Hester without Pearl is like having Hester without sin. Pearl is not only a symbol of Hester but also a symbol to Dimmsdale. Pearl will not let him into her life until he accepts his sin. She wants him as a father but will not let him until he will not hide his sin in public. Pearl knows that Dimmsdale will not be seen holding her hand in the public eye and this bothers her. She asks her mother, " wilt tho promise to hold my and thy mothers hand to-morrow?"(105) As we reach the finally of the story Dimmsdale confesses his sin and he has a sense of happness and self peace almost immedietly. Pearl has longed for his public love and affection and in the closing scenes she receives it.

Le Corbusier

â€Å"The house is a machine for living in. †-Le Corbusier House 14 at Weissenhof: http://mpdrolet. tumblr. com/pos/34901891099/weissenhof-estate-le-corbusier-peter-gossel. As with many other architects of his time, Le Corbusier was fascinated with the Industrial Age. The Industrial Age brought a multitude of new materials for architects to work with, as well as new processes to utilize these revolutionary materials. Le Corbusier sought to coalesce these new ideas into his 5 points towards a new architecture. The five essential points set out above represent a fundamentally new aesthetic. Nothing is left to us of the architecture of past epochs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Conrads, 1970, p. 100) By combining the newly readily available materials of steel and concrete with the process of mass production Le Corbusier invents a house that embodies a machine. No longer is the house simply a decorative container to live in. The house that utilizes Le Corbusier’s 5 points actively works to improve the lives of its inhabitants just as any successful machine of the Industrial Age.As seen in House 14, all attention is focused on satisfying the 5 points and consequentially superfluous ornament is disregarded. Rather the building as a whole could be described a monument to the Industrial age. The clean-cut corners and lines evoke a sense of the ordered factory and sharp contrasts remind viewers of the positive and negative results of Industrialism. â€Å"Industry, overwhelming us like a flood which rolls on towards its destined ends, has furnished us with new tools adapted to this new epoch, animated by the new spirit. (Conrads, 1970, p. 61) Corbusier’s idea of the â€Å"new spirit† is evident in his 5 points. The new â€Å"machine† house improves people’s lives by helping them adapt to and live in the boisterous times of the Industrial Age. The roof of the house is covered in a roof garden to give its inhabitants a place to relax from the inc essant clamor of the new age. The house is set off the ground on pilotes to separate the inhabitant from the dirty byproducts of Industrialism.This sense of cleanliness is also emphasized in the whitewashed walls giving a sense of purity and sanitation. â€Å"Economic law inevitably governs our acts and our thoughts. † (Conrads, 1970, p. 61) As with any mass produced machine, cost is an issue. Corbusier had to settle for using the relatively cheap materials of stucco over brick to allow his house to be mass-produced. Le Corbusier revolutionized the house into an efficient machine with his 5 points. â€Å"Economic law inevitably governs our acts and our thoughts. † (Conrads, 1970, p. 61)

Lifes of Rizal in Hongkong and Macao Essay

Haunted by enemies and threatened by friars, Rizal was forced to leave Philippines for the second time. It was February 1888 then. Rizal at 27 was an embittered victim of human iniquities, a disillusioned dreamer, and a frustrated reformer. This was the start of Rizal’s second travel. On February 3, 1888, after six months of stay in Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sad and sick during the crossing of the choppy China Sea. He did not get off the ship when it made a stopover at Amoy, because he was sick, it was raining and the city was dirty. He arrived in Hong Kong on February 8. In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel. He was welcomed by the Filipino community in Hong Kong. During this time, a Spaniard, Jose Varanda, was shadowing Rizal’s movements in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was ordered to spy on Rizal. On February 18, Rizal accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer Kiu-Kiang for Macao. He was surprised to see a familiar figure among the passengers—Sainz de Varanda. Rizal described Macao as a small, low and gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers, it looks sad and is almost dead-like. The two stayed in at the home of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros who was married to a Portuguese lady. During his two day stay in Macao, he visited the theater, casino, cathedral and churches, pagodas and botanical gardens and the bazaars. He also saw the famous Grotto of Camoens. In the evening of February 19, he witnessed a Catholic procession wherein the devotees were dressed in blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles. On February 20, Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong on board the ferry steamer Kiu-Kiang. A Landmark in Honor of Rizal’s Visit in Hong Kong Rizal stayed in Hong Kong for two weeks. There he studied the Chinese way of life, language, drama and customs. Rizal noticed some experiences and wrote them in his diary. Some of them include the noisy celebration of the Chinese New Year which lasted from February 11th to 13th. There were continuous explosion of firecrackers and he himself fired many at the window of his hotel. He also observed the boisterous Chinese theater, the marathon Lauriat party, which was the longest meal in the world; the Dominican Order was the richest religious order in Hong Kong, and the cemeteries. On February 22, 1888, Rizal left Hong Kong on board the Oceanic, an American steamer and his destination was Japan. Rizal did not like the meals on board but liked the ship because it was clean and efficiently managed. Chapter 11 In Hong Kong and Macao 1888 Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February 1888. He was then a full- grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters. The first time he went aboard in June 1882, he was a mere lad of 21, a youthful student in search of wisdom in the Old World, a romantic idealist with beautiful dreams of emancipating his people from bondage by the magic power of his pen. Times had changed. Rizal at 27 was an embittered victim of human iniquities, a disillusioned dreamer, a flustrated reformer. The Trip to Hong Kong. On February 3, 1888, after a short stay of six months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick and sad during the crossing of the choppy China Sea. He did not get off his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy on February 7. for three reasons: (1) he was not feeling well, (2) it was raining hard, and (3) he heard that the city was dirty. He arrived in Hong Kong on February 8. During his stay in Hong Kong, a British colony, Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt, dated February 16, 1888, expressing his bitterness. In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel. He was welcomed by the Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte, (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna). A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, who was a former secretary of Governor General Terrero, shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal. Hong Kong, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, is a small, but very clean city. Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese, and Jews live in it. There are some Filipinos, the majority of whom being those who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872. They are poor, gentle, and timid. Formerly they were rich mechanics

Common Hardwood Tree Diseases - Prevention and Control

Common Hardwood Tree Diseases - Prevention and Control Hardwood or deciduous trees can be harmed or killed by disease-causing organisms called pathogens. The most common tree diseases are caused by fungi. Fungi lack chlorophyll and derive nourishment by feeding on (parasitizing) trees. Many fungi are microscopic but some are visible in the form of mushrooms or conks. Also, some tree diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses. Pathogens can infect many different tree species with similar disease symptoms. These are the ones I want to address here: Powdery Mildew Tree Disease Powdery mildew is a common disease that appears as a white powdery substance on the leaf surface. It attacks all kinds of trees. Trees most commonly affected by powdery mildew are linden, crabapple, catalpa and chokecherry, but almost any tree or shrub can get powdery mildew. Find out how to prevent and control powdery mildew tree disease. Sooty Mold Tree Disease Sooty mold disease may occur on any tree but is most commonly seen on boxelder, elm, linden, and maple. The pathogens are dark fungi that grow either on the honeydew excreted by sucking insects or on exuded material coming from leaves of certain trees. Find out how to prevent and control sooty mold tree disease. Verticillium Wilt Tree Disease A common soil-borne disease called Verticillium alboatrum enters the tree through its roots and causes leaves to wilt. Light colored leaves with a dull appearance are noticeable in early summer. The leaves then begin to drop. The danger is greatest in highly susceptible trees like maple, catalpa, elm and stone fruit. Find out how to prevent and control Verticillium wilt tree disease. Canker Tree Disease The term canker disease is used to describe a killed area in the bark, the branch or the trunk of an infected tree. Dozens of species of fungi cause canker diseases. Find out how to prevent and control canker tree disease. Leaf Spot Tree Disease Leaf disease called leafspots are caused by a variety of fungi and some bacteria on many trees. An especially harmful version of this disease is called anthracnose which attacks many tree species. Find out how to prevent and control leaf spot tree disease. Heart Rot Tree Disease Heart rot disease in living trees is caused by fungi which have entered the tree through open wounds and exposed bare wood. Usually a conk or mushroom fruiting body is the first sign of infection. All deciduous trees can get heart rot. Find out how to prevent and control heart rot tree disease. Root and Butt Rot Tree Disease Root and butt rot disease is the most common disease affecting hardwoods. Many fungi are capable of causing root rots and some cause considerable decay of the butts of trees as well. Root rots are more common on older trees or trees which have sustained root or basal injury. Find out how to prevent and control root and butt rot tree disease.

Price Rigidity in Internet Retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Rigidity in Internet Retailing - Essay Example However, the internet version presents two fundamental ways of understanding price rigidity and the nature of price adjustment .First; it provides a unique technological context for the micro-level study of price-setting behavior and strategies. Second, these technologies are pointed out as major forces in market transformation hence different from initial doings. As a result of the above authors’ concerns, three main research questions arise; The listed research question explicitly address the aim of this article that focuses on reviewing and synthesizing what we know about price rigidity in non-electronic background as well as to discover the extent to which it explains dynamism of price setting as observed in Internet retailing research frame work. Moreover, this paper states research framework as a tool that provides a means to evaluate the observed empirical evidence for price-change behavior in Internet retailing in a manner that emphasizes theory. The authors express their theoretical views and argue that rigid prices occur when prices do not adequately change in response to underlying cost and demand shocks (Anderson, 1994). It identifies Cost of Price Adjustment, Market Structure, Asymmetric, and Information, Demand-Based as the only 4 theories to explain the happenings. These theories are based on underlying assumptions that prices are under the control of and administered by firms, and not subject to the laws of supply and demand and that firm’s pricing practices and consumer behavior are the key determinants. In that regard, they propose a research framework to examine different theories on price rigidity that will be observed in Internet retailing environments at the different levels of analysis covering the firm, the consumer, and the market. The article describes various analyses done. These analyses include; firm-specific level that focuses on Internet retailers strategic pricing capability that enhances organizational

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Current issues in advertising (Marketing communications) - Essay Example arketing few of which include the statistical techniques that need to be properly fitted in to the equation, the usage of proper rules and methodologies for selecting the right target audiences, the manner in which they are segregated on the basis of their roles and positions in the society and not to forget the buying patterns of them as well, their decision making abilities in the market, the manner in which economical changes are shaping up the whole society and the drifts that are happening as a result, the changing consumer lifestyles with the advent of technological options and grouping all of these in a single database or a combination of databases which would make the work of the marketing communication practitioner easy. Rather the other way around has been seen, where the practitioner has been running from one end to another in the wake of devising the best possible database which will target the right people at the right time with the right offering. It is a difficult prop osition that has to be managed day in day out by the marketing communication practitioner but one that needs to be in place so as to enable growth on the part of the company and the link that is present between the business (company) and the customers that are being targeted upon by it. Database marketing is one of the most powerful tools that look at building a strong rapport between the company and its stakeholders, not only the customers but also the ones who have invested in its stocks, though in an indirect manner. The challenges thus faced account to problems ranging from handling all these records and files on not only a sequential basis but also that correlates with each other and thus comes up with results which precisely target the exact individuals (prospective or otherwise, customer) that have to be sent the newsletters, direct mail, brochures and so on and so forth. This also means that database marketing looks at revolving the glitches that may arise at some point in time