Bursitis :: essays research papers fc

Bursitis Does it hurt to move your arm? Is it delicate and transmitting agony to your neck and fingertips? Do you have a fever? In the event that you addressed yes to at least two of these questions then you may have run of the mill joint injury called bursitis. Bursitis is an aggravation of the bursa that is effortlessly forestalled, identified and rewarded. Bursitis is a typical condition that can cause a lot of agony and expanding around an influenced bursa. A bursa is a sac between body tissues that move against each other. They are loaded up with a greasing up fluid to limit the fiction between the tissues. The bursa are found generally in joints among skin and bone or bone furthermore, ligaments. At the point when you bother these greasing up sacs, the bursae load up with liquid and become disturbed and kindled. This irritation causes serious torment with development of the joint, regularly constraining the development of the influenced territory. Bursitis normally strikes in the shoulders, elbows, knees, pelvis, hips or Achilles ligaments. Bursitis can influence almost anybody for any number of reasons. It influences essentially grown-ups both male and female. The people most in danger are individuals who take part in over the top and ill-advised extending and individuals who are included intensely in athletic preparing. Bursitis can be brought about by numerous things. For one, it tends to be brought about by injury or abuse of a joint. Demanding new practice additionally can cause Bursitis. Besides, such sicknesses as gout, joint inflammation, and ceaseless contamination of a joint can be likely causes. In any case, much of the time the reason for Bursitis can not be resolved. The main approaches to forestall getting it are to wear defensive rigging while exorcizing, practice fitting warm ups and cool downs during exercise and to keep up a high wellness level. Bursitis is a without any problem treatable illness. In the event that you speculate that you have bursitis, you will most likely look for the counsel of a specialist. Undoubtedly the specialist will take a gander at your clinical history and take some x-beams. On the off chance that you are determined to have bursitis the specialist may endorse some non-steroidal mitigating drugs or potentially torment relievers and may make some cortisone infusions into the bursa to soothe irritation. Once at home you are normal rest the influenced region however much as could reasonably be expected and to apply RICE ( rest, ice, pressure and rise of the kindled joint). Additionally to keep the joint from freezing you should start moving and practicing the influenced territory as quickly as time permits. In all likelihood the difficult will die down in 7 to

Letter Format Free Essays

This letter delineates the utilization of the full-square style. On account of the proficiency with which this letter can be keyboarded, its utilization is developing in prevalence. (clear line between passages) A few people item to this letter style since everything is at the left edge; they accept that the date and shutting lines ought to be focused or begun at the focal point of the page. We will compose a custom exposition test on Letter Format or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Others might want to indent the primary line of each passage. 80th varieties are adequate; the letter style is known as changed square style. Notice that the â€Å"open† style of accentuation is utilized in this letter; there are no signs of accentuation after the welcome (welcoming) or complimentary close. Be that as it may, it is adequate, paying little mind precisely style, to utilize â€Å"mixed† accentuation, which requires a colon (:) after the greeting and a comma after the complimentary close. At long last, notice how your title is appeared after your name on the principal line of within address. Be that as it may, my title is on the following line in the end. We attempt to balance the line length thusly. A comma is required on the off chance that you place the title on a similar line as the person’s name. (clear line before complimentary close) Sincerely (three clear lines before composed mark) The most effective method to refer to Letter Format, Papers

Mescaline Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Mescaline Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print What to Know About Mescaline Use By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on August 10, 2019 GummyBone / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Common Side Effects Signs of Use Myths & Common Questions Tolerance & Dependence How to Get Help View All Back To Top Mescaline, also known as  3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a hallucinogenic drug that occurs naturally in certain cacti plants native to the southwest United States, Mexico, and South America. These plants include the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), the San Pedro cactus (Trichocereus pachanoi), and the Peruvian Torch cactus (Trichocereus peruvianus). Mescaline has been used by Native Americans for thousands of years in religious ceremonies and for the treatment of various physical ailments. Although the use of mescaline products is illegal in the United States, peyote is recognized as a sacrament in the Native American Church of North America. When peyote is used in religious ceremonies, it is exempt from its classification as a Schedule I controlled drug  under the 1994 American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA). Also Known As: Mescaline is also sometimes known as peyote, buttons, moon, and cactus. Drug Class: Mescaline is classified as a hallucinogen. Common Side Effects: People who take mescaline may experience unpleasant side effects including anxiety, rapid heartbeat, tremors, hallucinations, and psychosis. How to Recognize Mescaline When naturally-derived, mescaline is found in the fruit or button-shaped seeds that grow on the outside of the cactus, which are cut off and dried and then eaten or sliced, boiled, and drunk as a tea. These buttons can also be dried and ground into an off-white powder put into pill capsules or smoked with tobacco.Mescaline can also be produced through chemical synthesis. Mescaline sulfate is the pure form of the drug and appears as a white crystalline material. What Does Mescaline Do? The effects of mescaline last for 10 to 12 hours, although the use of mescaline as a sacrament takes place over two days. As a hallucinogenic or psychedelic drug, mescaline induces an altered state of consciousness where people experience altered thinking and perception. People often describe this state as enjoyable, euphoric, and dream-like.   Visual hallucinations are a common effect of mescaline use, and people often describe distortions in their experience of time.   What the Experts Say There is little research on mescaline use and its effects. But there have been some limited studies on its frequency of use, the potential for overdose, and effects on mental health.?? Research suggests that: Recreational use tends to be uncommon. Although peyote can be used by Native Americans legally for ceremonial purposes, a small proportion uses the substance recreationally. While the research available is not extensive, in one study of 89 Native American adolescents, only 10 (11.2%) reported the illicit use of peyote. Most of them said they had only used illicit peyote once or twice in their lifetime.?? Those who had used illicit peyote were more likely to report low levels of social support, low levels of self-esteem, and low identification with Native American culture, although they had similar levels of involvement in Native American traditional practices as those who did not use illicit mescaline.Mescaline poisoning is rare. Another study of the California Poison Control System database for the years 1997 to 2008 showed that during that time there were only 31 cases of mescaline poisoning.Mescaline use is not linked to mental health issues. A study published in PLOS One found th at not only was there no link between the use of psychedelic drugs (which included LCD and mescaline) and mental health problems. In fact, the study found that the use of these substances was actually linked to a lower risk of mood disorders, psychosis, anxiety disorders, and psychological distress.?? Other Uses There has been limited research on mescalines potential medical uses. Some speculation suggests that the drug may have used in the treatment of alcoholism and depression, but more research is needed. Common Side Effects According to one study, commonly reported effects of taking mescaline included: Hallucinations, or seeing or hearing things that are not there or have no actual basis in reality. Although hallucinations are an expected  or even desired effect of hallucinogenic drugs, sometimes users find them much more troubling or frightening than expected, and, although users typically know hallucinations that occur in a mescaline intoxicated state are not real, they can cause a lot of confusion and distress.Tachycardia, or rapid heart rate. This was defined as a heart rate of over 100 beats per minute (bpm). While there may not be severe physical consequences of tachycardia for mescaline users, a fast heart rate can sometimes create anxiety in users, which can further speed up heart rate. Users can feel panicky, particularly if they are worried that using the drug is causing heart problems.Agitation, an emotional state of nervousness or nervous excitement, can occur out of nowhere when people take mescaline. It can also result from excessive worrying about other symptoms such as whether hallucinations are real or and perceived heart problems. Agitation can quickly turn to panic for people who have taken hallucinogens, which can lead to dangerous agitated behavior such as running off into unsafe environments like city streets with traffic, or rural areas with environmental hazards such as heights, swamps, etc. Less common effects included seizures, loss of consciousness, and vomiting. While these more serious effects arent common, it is important for users and potential users to be aware that taking these substances do carry these risks. Signs of Use Some possible signs that someone might be using mescaline include: Flushed skinHeadachesPoor coordinationIncreased energy levelsLack of appetiteDifficulty sleepingNausea or vomiting  Changes in moodHallucinationsPresence of drug paraphernalia Myths Common Questions Mescaline is sometimes confused with the Mexican alcoholic beverage mezcal, which, despite drug folklore, is made from agave, not a cactus, and does not contain mescaline. The worm that is sometimes found in a bottle of mezcal does not, as often purported, induce a mescaline high because it does not contain the drug either. Although mescaline is not a particularly well-known street drug, it holds a special place in drug culture, particularly among psychedelic drug users who may believe that, like magic mushrooms and marijuana, psychedelic cactus are sacred plants and should be revered due to their origination in nature. As mescaline is often thought of as a natural or safe substance, users may be less likely to report effects than with chemical substances, instead perhaps choosing to manage the effects of the drug without the support of health services. Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal There is no current research suggesting that mescaline use leads to physical dependence, psychological dependence, or addiction. Tolerance does take place, however, and tends to occur quite rapidly. Tolerance means that people need to take more of the drug in order to achieve the same effects. With repeated use, tolerance can occur in as little as three to six days. Cross-tolerance with other drugs such as LSD and psilocybin may also be possible.     How Long Does Mescaline Stay in Your System? The amount of time mescaline stays in the system depends on factors such as an individuals metabolism, hydration levels, body mass, and overall health. Mescaline can be detected in urine for between two to three days but can be detected by hair follicle tests for up to 90 days. How Long Mescaline Stays in Your System Addiction Mescaline does not appear to be addictive, although further research is needed to determine if addiction is possible. That said, any substance that distorts the users perceptions of reality is potentially harmful, as users can more easily misinterpret reality, or have accidents. In terms of toxicity, however, evidence may point to mescaline carrying a lower risk than many other recreational drugs. Withdrawal Quitting mescaline does not lead to physical symptoms of withdrawal, but people may experience psychological symptoms that lead them to seek out the drug. People sometimes utilize substances such as mescaline to self-medicate, to avoid lifes problems, or to cope with stress. Giving up mescaline use may require addressing underlying psychological issues first. How to Get Help There are no treatments for mescaline use that are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).     Treatment for substance misuse and addiction often involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), a process that addresses the underlying thought patterns that contribute to maladaptive behaviors. It is not uncommon for a combined approach that includes CBT with individual psychotherapy, group therapy, and support groups. Antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and other medications may be used to address the symptoms of underlying psychological conditions. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned about your mescaline use. You can also contact SAMHSAs national helpline at 1-800-662-4357 or search their online treatment locator for a referral to mental health services in your area.

Essay on Inflation - 1908 Words

By the beginning of the 1980s, double-digit rates of inflation had become so pervasive among industrialized economies that they were viewed as a major deterrent to global economic growth. Since then, an explicit policy goal of low inflation has become a mantra for policymakers, and many countries, such as the U.K., New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Sweden, and the eleven countries under the European Central Bank (ECB), have enacted fundamental reforms to achieve that goal. Specifically, they have made their central banks more independent and thus insulated them from the temptations of inflationary finance; furthermore, in most of these cases, as well as in the U.S., central banks have practiced a greater degree of openness or transparency†¦show more content†¦While the Federal Reserve has no explicit inflation target, the U.S. inflation rate has averaged 3.0% since the end of the last recession in 1991.Q2. This Economic Letter addresses the question: How well is a 2% solution t o the inflation problem supported by the voluminous academic studies that have been conducted recently on the optimal rate of inflation? The Friedman Rule and the benefits of 0% inflation Milton Friedman (1969) described the optimal inflation rate as one that would not penalize households for holding monetary assets that bear no interest. This would require a zero nominal interest rate, such that the real return on money, which is the negative of the inflation rate, would exactly equal the real return on real assets. This so-called Friedman Rule has resurfaced in recent theoretical models. These models examine in an internally consistent manner how inflation leads to the inefficient use of the economy#56544;resources, and they quantify the significance of these inefficiencies by taking the models to the data. Using the Friedman Rule as a benchmark, the standard measure of welfare losses associated with inflation is computed to be the percent change in the household#56544;consumption (or income) flow that the household would require to be indifferent between two inflation rates. The majority of the large number of theoretical studies devoted to thisShow MoreRelatedThe Inflation And Inflation Prediction Essay2228 Words   |  9 Pagesof literatures have already studied about the inflation and inflation prediction and in this paper literature review will be discussed from the theoretical aspect and empirical aspect. The researches of the inflation, which are studied, by a lot of scholars in the field of economics have been conducted for a long time especially during the 1970s and it is the heyday when people would like to pay more attention to research the inflation. The inflation has become a hot topic among the economic lifeRead MoreInflation On The Economy : Inflation1622 Words   |   7 PagesInflation in Iraq As reported by D. Accustomed Naji al-Hamdani 2013, in a study on Inflation in the Iraqi economy, inflation arises in most cases because of the imbalance and lack of balance between aggregate demand and aggregate supply in the national economy. When commodity supply deficit to meet the total demand of the consumers of goods and services prices rising commodity groups and causing inflation. The greater the gap widening between aggregate demand and aggregate supply accelerates theRead MoreInflation1301 Words   |  6 PagesInflation, Types, Causes, Impacts and Remedies Inflation In  economics,  inflation  is a rise in the general  level of prices of goods and services in an  economy  over a period of time.  When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the  purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy  A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rateRead MoreInflation618 Words   |  3 Pages INFLATION Inflation can be generalized as the sudden or consistent of an upward movement in the general price of commodity. While the price of goods increases, the value of money goes down significantly causing the inflation effect. Therefore, inflation demonstrate, a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money. Inflation can be categorized into various categories according to the rate of price rise of goods. Mild or creeping inflation occurs when prices rise2% to 3%Read MoreInflation Is A Low Rate Of Inflation1726 Words   |  7 Pageshas a high rate of inflation, that means people who live in this country are sad. Inflation has many definitions, but most of these definitions are related to one concept which is inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. There is no doubt about that inflation is an important key concept in economics. As we know that there is something called deflation which is the opposite meaning of inflation. In this paper, I will write about inflation in general, the causesRead MoreThe Effect Of Inflation On The Price Of Inflation1173 Words   |  5 PagesInflation is generally, defined as sustained or continuous increase in the general price level in an economy. Inflation has been described and categorised in terms of the rate at which the general price level is increasing , market mechanism , expectations and causes. In explaining the causes of inf lation one common cause always surfaces for consideration and that is that inflation occurs when aggregate demand is growing at unsustainable rate leading to increased pressure on scarce resources. OrRead MoreInflation And Explain Different Types Of Inflation Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesDefine inflation and explain different types of inflation What is inflation? Inflation can be described as a steady increase of the total prices of goods and services in the economy. It can’t be measured by an increase in the cost of one product or service; can’t even be measured by looking at several products or services. Inflation is an overall increase in the total price level of the goods and services in the whole economy. Changes in inflation are evaluated by monitoring several differentRead MoreIndian Inflation1259 Words   |  6 PagesEssay on Inflation – a Major Cause of Inequality. Sri Bhabatosh Datta, the famous economist has clearly stated that: â€Å"The origin of inflation is often found in the panicky nervousness of unstable governments in olitically unstable communities. Given political stability there is no reason why India should not be able to carry out her future plans without generating serious inflationary pressure on the price level.† The percentage of inflation in regard to price movements and the purchasing powerRead MoreThe Positive Relationship Between Inflation And Inflation1067 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy. One of these examples can be observed when we compare inflation and unemployment rate. To establish this comparison in a short-run period of time, it will be beneficial to use the Phillip Curve. This curve can be used as a tool to represent the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment in the short-run. In order to comprehend the positive relationship between inflation and unemployment first, we must know what inflation is, how we define unemployment, and how we can use the PhillipRead MoreInflation in Russia1649 Words   |  7 Pagesfriends. Actually, I considered the topic of the presentation for a long time and finally I have chosen inflation in Russia. Inflation, as one of the main macroeconomic issues, is a really urgent problem of today. In some countries the rate of inflation is 5 %.while in others 15%. Today. we will discuss history and modern peculiarities of the Russian inflation. So,here is the plan. Definition Inflation is a sustained increase in overall level of prices, as measured by some broad index (such as Consumer

The Definition of Homelessness - 1604 Words

The definition of homelessness can vary depending who you speak to, but according to Peter Rossi in his text, Down and Out in America, he defines homelessness as â€Å"not having customary and regular access to a conventional dwelling; it mainly applies to those who do not rent or own a residence† (Rossi 10). Robert Frost states in his poem, â€Å"The Death of the Hired Man†: â€Å"Home is the place where, when you have to go there, / they have to take you in† (qtd. in Rossi 14). For people who are branded with the term, â€Å"homeless†, there is no place they can go to where â€Å"they have to take you in†. They are faced with hardship after hardship. There are several factors that can contribute to why people are without a home and living on the streets, most of which can happen to any one of us, especially in the economy that we are currently living in today. The U. S. Census Bureau reported in 2007 that the population of unsheltered indi viduals living in Los Angeles alone is over 40,000, which reveals that for every ninety-six sheltered people, there is one homeless individual (Department of Homeless Services 9). The rate is so high specifically in Los Angeles because of the extremely high living costs that we have. The reason why there are so many homeless individuals in America vary depending on person as well as the obstacles they have experienced. In the book, The Homeless: Opposing Viewpoints, different aspects of being homeless are addressed from several different authors,Show MoreRelatedDefinition And Categories Of Homelessness2161 Words   |  9 PagesDefinition and Categories of Homelessness The Early Years The meaning of homelessness has changed many times in the past years, we have forgotten that casual laborers, vagrants, and the wandering poor were not unseen in early years, whereby homelessness is an uneasy situation in society. According to Shlay Rossie, (1992), homelessness is an individual without a home or a permanent place, but current perspectives indicate that intermittent homelessness falls into the definition. At the beginningRead MoreThe United Kingdom And The Implication For Women849 Words   |  4 Pagesand explore homelessness in the United Kingdom and the implication for women. Literature review Many historian and social scientist agree that the multi-dimensional and complex nature of homelessness has resulted in the relative difficulty in establishing a clear definition of homelessness. Accordingly, homelessness began to escape concise definition, due to the complexity and increasing diversification (Chamberlain and Johnson: 2001). However, globally the definition of homelessness states thatRead MoreHomelessness : A Worldwide Public Health Crisis Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness: A Worldwide Public Health Crisis In the United States, there were approximately 564,708 people who were homeless on a single winter night in 2015 (Housing and Urban Development, 2015). Worldwide, acquiring an accurate picture of homelessness has proven challenging due to varying definitions country to country. Furthermore, data on homelessness has also proven to be extremely sparse in many parts of the world. The last worldwide survey was attempted by the United Nations. Based onRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Homelessness Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesAgencies Use the Same Definition of Homelessness†? A Rhetorical Analysis of Duffield’s â€Å"Should Federal Agencies Use the Same Definition of Homelessness†? The author, Barbara Duffield, Policy Director for National Association for the education of homeless children and youth, writes for CQ Researcher the article â€Å"Should federal agencies use the same definitions of homelessness?† Duffield aims to substantiate that federal agencies, using different definitions of the law create complicationsRead MoreHomeless On A Single Winter Night Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesacquiring an accurate picture of homelessness has proven challenging due to varying definitions country to country. Furthermore, data on homelessness has also proven to be extremely sparse in many parts of the world. The last worldwide survey was attempted by the United Nations. Based on the survey it was estimated that 100 million people were homeless across the world (United Nations, 2005). Due to the lack of data, greater focus should be placed on the issue of homelessness. Considering the well-knownRead MoreThe Different Types of Homelessness755 Words   |  4 Pageshomeless, and doubled-up is a term excluded from the definition of homeless, but could surely be considered a homeless category. Thousands of shelters exist across the country and they all share one common goal, to shelter the homeless. Sheltered homelessness refers to the category of homeless persons using emergency or transitional housing. â€Å"Transitional housing programs provide temporary residence—up to 24 months—for people experiencing homelessness. Housing is combined with wrap-around services toRead MoreThe Primary Social Problem Addressed By The Valor House1035 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The primary social problem addressed by the Valor House is veteran homelessness. The Valor House receives funding to operate from the Veterans Administration (VA). As such the Valor House must follow and adhere to the guidelines established under the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act of 2009. The HEARTH Act established the final rule on the definition of chronically homeless that will be used by the Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentRead MoreSociological Perspective on Homelessness1248 Words   |  5 Pagesdate Sociological Perspective on Homelessness Homelessness is a social problem that is prevalent around the world. Homelessness has existed for much of civilized human history. In the last two centuries, homelessness and changed and expanded. Sociologists who study and research homelessness have argued over its formal definition for decades, though for some, the definition of homelessness seems self explanatory and obvious. The paper will examine homelessness, particularly as a sociological issueRead MoreHomeless Students During Modern Society1500 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficult. The definition of homelessness vary from country to country. Its also a challenge for the survey takers to see all homeless, the ones who are squatting in places not intended for shelters or who moving around, from shelter to shelter or stay with friend after friend. Those people are sometimes referred to as the â€Å"Hidden Homeless† (Global Homeless Statistics). The world has a major homeless problem, some countries have more than others. In other countries, homelessness is a much biggerRead More How Many People are Homeless? Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesis misleading. In most cases, homelessness is a temporary circumstance -- not a permanent condition. A more appropriate measure of the magnitude of homelessness is therefore how many people experience homelessness, not how many people are homeless. Studies of homelessness are complicated by problems of definitions and methodology. This fact sheet describes definitions of homelessness, methodologies for counting homeless people, and recent estimates of homelessness. Additional resources for further

The Purpose of a Liberal Arts Education Free Essays

A liberal arts education can open many doors for you. However, it may not be for everyone. A four year liberal arts degree is meant to make you a well-rounded person, but many people don’t feel the need to take classes that don’t directly apply to their career. We will write a custom essay sample on The Purpose of a Liberal Arts Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Liberal arts exercises your mid; it makes it stronger. It helps develop an ordered mind and good thinking habits. You may never use the things you learn in a computer programming class, but it will make you a better learner. It also teaches you to think for yourself; your fellow students and teachers will challenge what you know, think and believe. Imagine the doors of creativity that will be opened for you. You may not have known how much you enjoy paining until you took a mandatory general education art class. It can enhance your faith. Maybe you have an interest in taking a theology class so you can be closer to god, at a liberal arts college you can have that opportunity. You can better understand the bible, who wrote it, and why they were inspired to do so. A liberal arts education will not only make you a better learner, it will also make you a better teacher. The more molded your mind becomes, the more easily you can explain things to people. Even if you don’t plan on becoming a professional teacher, this can help you help your children with their homework, help train new employees, or even teach a Sunday School class. It will cultivate your mind; opening doors to art, music, symbolism, or even language, things you may not have even had an interest in before. You will learn to appreciate these things more. A Christian liberal art education may be the right thing for you. It can send you in the right direction if you want to teach in a private Christian school, want to be a missionary, a pastor, or even if you just want to be education with fellow Christians. Some of your classes may cause you to question not only your faith, but why you have it in the first place, which will make you see why you fell in love with God in the first place. But does this mean a liberal arts education is right for everyone? I don’t believe it does. A single mother going back to school may not have time for the required number of classes, most of which, she will never use on the job. A 40 year old works at a factory that is being shut down and he needs to learn a new skill quickly so he can go back to supporting his family. For people like this, a liberal arts education may not be the right road for them to take. A liberal arts education can do many more things for you than what I have mentioned. It’s like a treasure trove; you have the key, all you have to do is open the door and that wealth of knowledge could be yours. How to cite The Purpose of a Liberal Arts Education, Papers

Research Paper on Taste Essay Example

Research Paper on Taste Essay Taste Research Paper Taste Research Paper Introduction The word â€Å"taste† has many meanings. The first definition of this word deals with the person’s physical ability to feel something with the help of receptors. The second meaning is an aesthetic notion that means the person’s ability to blend different things with each other, to feel what suits here and what does not. People with good taste always feel harmony with the surrounded world and are satisfied with what they do. People with bad taste usually feel discomfort and displeasure. Taste is often used in the same meaning as preference. At the same time taste is a sociological concept. In this case we state that taste is not only a personal liking but also an attitude, which is formed under the social pressure. In this case taste can be regarded as good or bad. The theory of social taste was developed in the end of the twentieth century and is based on the concept of aesthetic relativism. The notion of taste, which existed before this transformation was associated with good manners and good habits. These manners were considered to be inborn qualities. History of the Taste Term We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Taste specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Taste specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Taste specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The word taste in the understanding close to modern one firstly appeared in the 16the century. It was firstly used in the vocabulary of Italian Style called Mannerism, which appeared in Italy in the 16th century. The name of the style explains its main peculiarities. Mannerism used the term â€Å"taste† to explain the manner in which the work of art had been created. â€Å"More specifically, the idea of â€Å"taste† as a quality that is independent of the style that is simply its vehicle — though the style might be designated a taste, such as â€Å"the Antique taste†Ã¢â‚¬â€ was born in the circle of Pope Julius III and first realized at the Villa Giulia built on the edge of Rome in 1551 – 1555.† (Stern, 115) So, the term reflected rather the way of production than the quality of the work of art. The distinction between good and bad taste did not exist at the time. During the period of Enlightenment the term ‘taste† still had a un iversal character and expressed something, plausible for the society. The change in meaning occurred during the period of Romanticism. It is during this period, when the term â€Å"taste† began to mean something beautiful for the audience. That is the period when taste became to be interpreted individually and its meaning became a synonym of the aesthetic value. This is the type of meaning of this term most of the contemporary people use nowadays. During several centuries the meaning of the word changed from physical characteristic of the piece of art into synonym of aesthetic value. From physical characteristic the word became intellectual quality and got emotional coloring. â€Å"It begins to be used in a metaphorical sense to refer to certain degrees of competence in relation to understanding of cultural practices. Taste is also closely related to the concept of discrimination, as being based on certain material experiences it can set distinctions between tasteful and tas teless or having a good taste or a bad taste, thus providing categories for social division and producing cultural hierarchy.† (Stern) Taste as Social Phenomenon The concept of good and bad taste is usually used by critics, while ordinary people tend to express their own opinions and appeal to such a term as â€Å"like-dislike† of this or that thing. Very often the opinion of the professionals is based on personal preferences; in this case personal liking label things of ones of bad or good taste. According to the theory of social origin of taste opinion of professionals quickly influences opinion of other people and an object gets its verdict as a one of good or bad taste. Unfortunately, modern theory of judgement does not assume other variant except for two polarities of good and bad taste. The idea about social pressure on the individual taste was firstly expressed by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. He states that society shapes individual taste according to social position and other social aspects of an individual. In this case the society, not individuals, becomes the carrier of cultural norms and that justifies things as good or bad. People try to fit higher cultural norms, proposed by the society, and change their identities accordingly. This has a double meaning, as people, who change their identities according to social requirements, become the consumers of cultural products and, at the same time, they produce pieces of art, which correspond to these norms and this makes other people want to achieve their â€Å"higher† cultural and intellectual level. â€Å" In this sense the notion of taste is closely linked to consumption and consumerism: the viewer or reader consumes various artistic products and then interprets them by the means of criticism t hat rests upon the idea of taste† (Stern). The definitions of good and bad taste also derive from the theory of social origin of the taste proposed by Bourdieu. Under bad taste we generally understand things not perceived or even rejected by the society. These are things, which do not correspond social standards of the certain time. This can be traced on simple example: in different societies different things will be considered as the things of a bad taste. The same situation is with the notion of good taste. It reflects things, which correspond to social norms and standards and meet the requirements of the contemporary society. Taste and Design The two notions – design and taste are very closely connected. It’s impossible to imagine a good fashionable designer with bad taste. Every designer has his own style and so his own unique taste. Aesthetic quality can be the characteristic of both – people and objects, while taste is the personal characteristic of a person. Nowadays good taste is the necessary attribute of a good designer who wants his products to be popular among consumers: â€Å"The idea of taste cannot now be separated from the idea of the consumer,† suggests Raymond Williams (Wiliams, 1976, 266). Today’s understanding of taste differs from the classical one. According to the classical conception taste is an ability to analyze things critically from the aesthetic point of view. Today taste is more a subjective notion, it’s an inner state of the person and it’s not necessary to follow any classical canons. Inner harmony is the main criteria for the designers. Not only designers but also consumers can show their taste in the act of consumption. â€Å"The act of consumption is also an act of exercising taste, and the sheer magnitude of this process makes it impossible to have a singular standard for taste† (Postrel, 2003). One of the main design’s tasks is c the improving of the taste. In the past museums fulfilled this function in most cases. The museums had the mission to educate people by showing them specific designers. â€Å"Taste classifies, and it classifies the classifier. Social subjects, classified by their classifications, distinguis h themselves by the distinctions they make, between the beautiful and the ugly, the distinguished and the vulgar, in which their position in the objective classifications is expressed or betrayed.† (Bourdieu 1984). In modern world of different possibilities and different views, however taste plays a very important role. There are a lot of different facts that form good or bad taste. Among specialists who work in this sphere there are different opinions on this question. The most spread opinion is that all in all taste depends of the individual features of the person, it’s more a natural ability to blend things together. There are some rules following which it’s possible to form a good taste. First of all it’s necessary to have a lively and bright imagination. It gives a person a possibility to conceive the images and ideas that the writer or the designer has described and so to feel the author’s purpose. â€Å" Sometimes, when one’s imagination is lively, and regulated too by an acquaintance with nature, one may, notwithstanding, contract habits of indolence and irregularity in one’s studies; which produce a superficial medley of knowledge very detrimental to the native vigour of the mind† (Beatie, 69). The second important thing is distinct apprehension. A person must know exactly what he likes and what he hates. The third thing is acute senses, a person must be affected by harmony and beauty, must feel them. The next thing deals with sensibility or sympathy. With this feature we are conscious of emotions that arise within us. The last thing that is necessa ry to form a good taste is judgement. By judgement here is meant â€Å"a constitution of mind, as disposes a man to attend to the reality of things, and qualifies him for knowing and discovering the truth. It is by means of this faculty, as applied in criticism, that we compare poetical imitations with natural objects, so as to perceive in what they resemble, and in what they differ; that we estimate the rectitude of sentiments, the probability of incidents† (Beattie, 71). According to Beattie good taste is not a good taste in clothes or food, its inner state of the individuality, the form of self-expression. The person is born with good or bad taste, but it doesn’t mean that situation will not change. For the person with good taste it’s easy to transform it into a bad state under the influence of surrounding. Sometimes we can see designers who don’t try to follow their inner impulse and inner voice, instead they follow fashion and try to follow famous de signers, in most cases they won’t be successful. As it was already mentioned taste is closely connected with a consumer, and a consumer in his turn is closely connected with consumer culture. According to Slater consumer culture is â€Å"a subject which – far from being of narrow or recent interest – is intimately tied to the central issues of modern times and modern social thought.† (Slater, 1997). Slater thoroughly investigates numerous concepts and theories of consumption. The role of consumption a lot of years ago differed from the role it plays nowadays very much. With the changing of the process of consumption the meaning of the taste has also changed. Being of no importance in customer service, now it’s one of its main components. The consumer culture is a new phenomenon. Nowadays consumer culture has become the a symbol of the modern era, which distinguishes it from the old one. The notion of consumer culture is connected with three related phenomena according to Slater: consumer good, hierarchical distinction between notions of lower and high forms of consumption and new market. Consumer goods have become the necessary component of the daily life. Hierarchical distinction between notions of lower and higher forms of consumption is determined by good taste and fashion. New markets bring infrastructural and organizational facilities in order. People with good taste buy production of higher quality. There are no such strict aesthetic canons as there used to be just in the Age of Enlightenment or during some period afterwards. Nowadays there are no definite criteria of good taste. A person likes this suit, for example, in this suit the person feels harmony with the world and that’s it. Of course, the same rules can be applied for design, but however in designer there are some common laws, following which you’ll be regarded as a person of good taste. Signs of Good Taste in Design Good design is suggestive, it means that it’s just necessary to give customers a few basic elements and then they can combine them as they wish. â€Å"Good design is suggestive, it means that it’s just necessary to give customers a few basic elements and then they can combine them as they wish† (Postrel, 2003). Good designer is a bit funny, because humor is connected wit strength. Good taste doesn’t mean to be a clown, it means to dilute serious things with some funny elements. Design with good taste is â€Å"hard†. â€Å"When Bauhaus designers adopted Sullivan’s â€Å"form follows function,† what they meant was, form should follow function. And if function is hard enough, form is forced to follow it, because there is no effort to spare for error† (Postrel, 2003). Things produced by good design usually look like he has spent quite much time working on them. This can be false or true in reality, but an impression of hard work is really important. â€Å"When Bauhaus designers adopted Sullivan’s â€Å"form follows function,† what they meant was, form should follow function. And if function is hard enough, form is forced to follow it, because there is no effort to spare for error. Wild animals are beautiful because they have hard lives.† (Slater, 89) Another thing is that good design looks easy. Ease is the attribute of practice and professionalism. Ease comes with practice. Practice gives an opportunity to do things unconsciously and to concentrate on the things themselves. Good design resembles nature and uses symmetry. Symmetry is the best way to achieve simplicity and simplicity is the characteristic of good taste. Good design is usually a redesign because it’s very difficult to get the perfect thing from the first time. At the same time good design should be natural. The nature is perfect and following it designer can recreate wonderful forms, which already exist. It is not a process of copying. The main purpose of every designer is to create that unique combination of his own ideas and things, which already exist in nature. When the balance is kept right, the customers will immediately appreciate natural and original creation. â€Å"Working from life is a valuable tool in painting too, though its role has often been misunderstood. The aim is not simply to make a record. The point of painting from life is that it gives your mind something to chew on: when your eyes are looking at something, your hand will do more interesting work.† (Slater, 97) Working from life can be applied not only in painting. It’s also good for engineering, and any other branch connected with technology. The statement that good design never repeats anything is a myth. In reality good design can copy good solutions and successful ideas. The desire to be original by any means can be bad for quality. The designer always looks for the right answer, for him it’s more important to be right than to be original, that is why he is not afraid to reproduce some ideas, already discovered by others. Taste Research Paper Conclusion Taste is often associated with personal appreciation of beauty. There are different theories of the origin of taste. In modern world good taste is associated with good design. Good design can look strange and can cause controversial opinions. â€Å"The only style worth having is the one you can’t help. And this is especially true for strangeness. There is no shortcut to it.† (Slater, 101) Originality very often implies daring. Designer should be ready to make a bold attempt and then to wait for the results. He should not be afraid to make a mistake because things, which are regarded as mistakes, can be new discoveries in the future. References James Beattie, â€Å"Of Imagination,† Chap. IV. 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